Missouri House of Representatives
2006
93rd General Assembly, 2nd Regular Session
Legislation Sponsored by Rep. Gary Dusenberg

SPONSOR
HB993
Changes the laws regarding seat belts and child restraints
HB993 -- (LR# 3242L.01I)
Withdrawn (H)
HB994
Requires only operators or riders of motorcycles and motortricycles who are younger than 21 years of age to wear protective headgear and requires a study on the effects of the law to be done for three years
HB994 -- (LR# 3239L.01P)
Placed on Informal Calendar (S)
HB995
Changes the laws regarding sexual offenders
Approved CCS SS SCS HCS HB 1698, 1236, 995, 1362 & 1290 -- (LR# 4908L.17T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
THIS BILL BECOMES EFFECTIVE JUNE 5, 2006, EXCEPT
FOR SUBSECTIONS 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, AND 11 OF SECTION
589.400 WHICH HAVE AN AUGUST 28, 2006 EFFECTIVE
DATE

HB996
Requires a sex offender to have a unique code or identifier placed on his or her driver's license and requires the State Highway Patrol to provide a list of sex offenders to the Department of Revenue
HB996 -- (LR# 3243L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB997
Increases the penalty for possession of child pornography
HB997 -- (LR# 3146L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1140
Authorizes an individual income tax credit for real property taxes paid by surviving spouses of certain public safety officers
HB1140 -- (LR# 3241L.01I)
WAYS AND MEANS
Voted do pass (H)
HB1165
Changes the laws regarding child passenger restraints and safety belts
HB1165 -- (LR# 4026L.01I)
TRANSPORTATION
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1386
Creates the crime of displaying or possessing fictitious or altered license plates or tabs
HB1386 -- (LR# 4220L.01I)
CRIME PREVENTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1387
Authorizes the State Highway Patrol to investigate any suspected violations of criminal law by the Missouri Gaming Commission
HB1387 -- (LR# 4121L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
HB1707
Allows the State Registrar within the Department of Health and Senior Services to appoint a local registrar and allows instruments affecting real property in Jackson County to be recorded in Independence
Approved SCS HB 1707 -- (LR# 4538S.02T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1739
Allows a vermiculture operation, which is a business raising earthworms under a controlled environment, to receive certain agricultural loans
Approved HCS HB 1739 -- (LR# 4965L.02T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1825
Requires certain television stations to provide real-time captioning of local news, weather, and sports broadcasts for the deaf and hearing-impaired
HB1825 -- (LR# 4981L.01I)
Referred: Utilities (H)
HB1876
Creates the crime of falsifying or attempting to falsify a drug or alcohol test and adds certain substances to the list of controlled substances
HB1876 -- (LR# 5287L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HJR29
Proposes a constitutional amendment replacing the Highways and Transportation Commission with a Director of Transportation
HJR29 -- (LR# 3240L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
COSPONSOR
HB978
Establishes the Vietnam War Medallion Program
Approved SCS HCS HB 978 -- (LR# 3153S.04T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB983
Requires the United States and the Missouri state flags to be flown at half-staff on all government buildings on September 11 of each year
Approved HB983 -- (LR# 3057L.01T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB984
Encourages all government buildings, businesses, and citizens to display the POW/MIA flag on Memorial Day, July 4, September 11, and Veterans Day
Approved HB984 -- (LR# 3055L.01T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB989
Allows courts to consider the opinions and recommendations by a professional or member of the clergy in child custody proceedings
HB989 -- (LR# 3244L.01I)
Referred: Judiciary (H)
HB990
Changes the laws regarding orders of protection
HB990 -- (LR# 3231L.01I)
Referred: Judiciary (H)
HB991
Limits the liability of recipients of consumer loans made through unsolicited checks, convenience checks, or other negotiable instruments
HB991 -- (LR# 3220L.01I)
Referred: Financial Institutions (H)
HB992
Adds motorcycles to the provisions of the Lemon Law
HB992 -- (LR# 3188L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
HB1036
Requires captioning of electronic video instructional material
HCS HB 1036 -- (LR# 3444L.02P)
Second read and referred: Education (S)
HB1045
Designates a number of memorial highways and bridges
HCS HB 1045, 1152, 1267 & 1634 -- (LR# 3422L.03P)
SENATE TRANSPORTATION
Public Hearing held (S)
HB1068
Modifies the eligibility requirements of an employed disabled person requesting medical assistance under the federal Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999
HB1068 -- (LR# 3430L.01I)
Referred: Senior Citizen Advocacy (H)
HB1073
Exempts motor fuel used in school buses from motor fuel tax when driven to transport students for educational purposes
HB1073 -- (LR# 3340L.01I)
WAYS AND MEANS
Voted do pass (H)
HB1094
Requires all dump trucks to have two license plates
HB1094 -- (LR# 3042L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
HB1095
Expands the crime of assault of a law enforcement officer, emergency personnel, or probation and parole officer in the first, second, or third degree to include corrections officers
HB1095 -- (LR# 3043L.01I)
CRIME PREVENTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1097
Allows the hiring of a retired teacher to work between 550 and 800 hours without losing his or her benefits under the Public School Retirement System
HB1097 -- (LR# 3273L.01I)
Referred: Retirement (H)
HB1105
Exempts military personnel on active duty and their spouses from being required to renew their driver's licenses while they are stationed outside the United States
HB1105 -- (LR# 3447L.01P)
Placed on Informal Calendar (S)
HB1115
Expands liability protection for school employees and volunteers
HB1115 -- (LR# 3687L.01I)
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON GENERAL LAWS
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1117
Specifies that any new vessel, including boats and watercraft, sold after January 1, 2007, will be treated the same as a new motor vehicle under the provisions of the Lemon Law
HB1117 -- (LR# 3482L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
HB1132
Requires all campaign finance filings to be filed electronically with the Missouri Ethics Commission
HB1132 -- (LR# 3561L.01I)
Referred: Elections (H)
HB1155
Establishes the Uninsured Motorist Stipulation of Benefits Act of 2006 which limits the recovery for noneconomic losses by uninsured motorists
HCS HB 1155 -- (LR# 3450L.03P)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)
HB1158
Removes the one-set limit on special military license plates and allows for a special license plate for members of the Disabled American Veterans and a "SOME GAVE ALL" special license plate
Approved SCS HCS HB 1382 & 1158 -- (LR# 4321S.05T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1254
Requires licensed health care providers to notify a law enforcement agency when they examine or treat a person who is intoxicated and reasonably suspect that the person may attempt to operate a car
HB1254 -- (LR# 3997L.02I)
Referred: Judiciary (H)
HB1258
Creates the crime of distribution of a controlled substance near a park
HB1258 -- (LR# 3999L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1269
Changes the laws regarding the licensing and registration of certain professionals and establishes requirements for eye examinations for children in public schools
HCS HB 1660 & 1269 -- (LR# 4803L.03C)
Dropped from calendar - Rule 43 (H)
HB1270
Requires all gasoline sold in Missouri after January 1, 2008, to be an ethanol-blend containing at least 10% fuel ethanol
Approved CCS SCS HCS HB 1270 & 1027 -- (LR# 3181L.14T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1302
Creates the Missouri State Water Patrol Fund consisting of money collected for registering a vessel and increases the fee for a certificate of number
HB1302 -- (LR# 3980L.01P)
Placed on Informal Calendar (S)
HB1307
Establishes the Missouri State Diabetes Commission to develop a state strategy for the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes
HB1307 -- (LR# 3841L.01I)
Referred: Health Care Policy (H)
HB1310
Increases the penalty for failure to yield the right-of-way to an emergency vehicle resulting in the death of any emergency vehicle personnel while in the performance of his or her official duties
HB1310 -- (LR# 3950L.01P)
SENATE TRANSPORTATION
Executive Session held (S)
HB1320
Authorizes the State Highway Patrol to conduct criminal background checks on gubernatorial appointees who are subject to Senate confirmation
SS#2 HB 1320 -- (LR# 4087S.07F)
Reported to the House with... (S)
SS

HB1321
Authorizes state agencies to conduct criminal background checks on certain applicants and employees
HB1321 -- (LR# 4085L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1347
Requires students at public institutions of higher education to take certain American history courses
HCS HB 1347 -- (LR# 3402L.03P)
Second read and referred: Education (S)
HB1351
Repeals the estate tax
HB1351 -- (LR# 3923L.02I)
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGRI-BUSINESS
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1354
Increases the property tax relief for the senior citizens' program known as circuit breaker
HB1354 -- (LR# 3865L.01I)
Referred: Ways and Means (H)
HB1369
Requires, by January 1, 2008, that all diesel fuel sold at the terminal or imported for sale in Missouri for use in internal combustion engines contain at least 2% biodiesel fuel oil by volume
HB1369 -- (LR# 3182L.03I)
AGRICULTURE POLICY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1378
Changes the laws regarding motor vehicle safety including intermediate driver's licenses, travel safe zones, work zone safety, child passenger restraints, and passing zones
HCS HB 1378, 1379, 1391 & 1541 -- (LR# 4232L.03C)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)
HB1381
Repeals the laws prohibiting political activity or fund raising by Kansas City police officers
HB1381 -- (LR# 4040L.01I)
Referred: Local Government (H)
HB1382
Removes the one-set limit on special military license plates and allows for a special license plate for members of the Disabled American Veterans and a "SOME GAVE ALL" special license plate
Approved SCS HCS HB 1382 & 1158 -- (LR# 4321S.05T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1394
Prohibits the disclosure of Social Security numbers on child support checks, correspondence, and documents
HB1394 -- (LR# 4334L.01I)
Referred: Children and Families (H)
HB1395
Makes it a crime for an uninsured motorist involved in an accident to fail to pay restitution for the other person's insurance deductibles and requires license suspension until payment is made
HB1395 -- (LR# 4335L.01I)
INSURANCE POLICY
HCS voted do pass (H)
HB1396
Allows for a special license plate for members of the Disabled American Veterans
HB1396 -- (LR# 4009L.02I)
TRANSPORTATION
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1401
Provides whistle-blower protections for persons reporting Medicaid fraud
HB1401 -- (LR# 4292L.02I)
JUDICIARY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1425
Designates the Table Rock Lake bridge on Highway 39 in the City of Shell Knob as the "State Senator Larry Gene Taylor Memorial Bridge"
HB1425 -- (LR# 4078L.01I)
Referred: Transportation (H)
HB1427
Authorizes the Secretary of State to waive fees and other penalties when a corporation is dissolved for failure to file its annual report due to military service
Approved HB1427 -- (LR# 4229L.01T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1440
Authorizes a checkoff on the Missouri individual and corporate income tax forms for donations for cervical cancer awareness and treatment and the calculation for individual net operating losses
Approved SCS HCS HB 1440 -- (LR# 3878S.03T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1444
Prohibits the use of public funds for health and social services programs to subsidize abortion services
HB1444 -- (LR# 3509L.01I)
HEALTH CARE POLICY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1461
Changes the laws regarding defensive use of force
HCS HB 1461, 1375, 1110 & 1103 -- (LR# 4370L.09P)
SENATE JUDICIARY AND CIVIL AND CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE
Executive Session held (S)
VOTED DO PASS

HB1470
Prohibits a person from charging a veteran's immediate family a fee for copying the veteran's death certificate if the copies are to be used to file for or access benefits
HB1470 -- (LR# 4570L.01I)
VETERANS
Voted do pass (H)
HB1495
Allows any member of the Missouri Department of Transportation and Highway Patrol Employees' Retirement System to purchase creditable service
HB1495 -- (LR# 4050L.02I)
RETIREMENT
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1521
Modifies the Missouri Business Use Incentive for Large-Scale Development Act to include certain businesses in the City of Fenton
HB1521 -- (LR# 4632L.01P)
Placed on Informal Calendar (S)
HB1525
Establishes age and residency requirements for candidates of the office of county treasurer
HB1525 -- (LR# 4625L.01I)
ELECTIONS
HCS voted do pass (H)
HB1538
Establishes the Dental Carve-Out Act of 2006 to implement a process for providing dental benefits to public assistance recipients
HB1538 -- (LR# 4708L.01I)
INSURANCE POLICY
Voted do pass (H)
HB1548
Allows residential and business cell phone numbers to be added to the telemarketing No-Call List
HB1548 -- (LR# 4391L.01I)
UTILITIES
HCS voted do pass (H)
HB1549
Changes the laws regarding commercial motor vehicles, outdoor advertising, vacating roads, log trucks, proof of lawful presence, driver's licenses, all-terrain vehicles, and vehicle weight limits
HCS HB 1340, 1549, 1918 & 1998 -- (LR# 3732L.06C)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)
HB1550
Allows law enforcement officers to use photos or videotape of hazardous materials being seized at the crime scene rather than submitting a sample of the material as evidence
HB1550 -- (LR# 4054L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1574
Exempts military pay of active-duty military personnel from income tax
HB1574 -- (LR# 4203L.01I)
Referred: Ways and Means (H)
HB1581
Authorizes an income tax credit for donations to food pantries
HCS HB 1581 -- (LR# 4345L.03P)
SENATE GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND FISCAL OVERSIGHT
Executive Session held (S)
HB1587
Requires sheriffs to immediately issue a permit to acquire handguns to anyone who possesses a valid concealed carry permit if the person had not undergone any change in status to make him or her ineligible
HB1587 -- (LR# 4422L.01I)
Referred: Special Committee on General Laws (H)
HB1620
Changes the laws regarding assisted living facilities
HCS HB 1620 -- (LR# 4346L.03C)
Dropped from calendar - Rule 43 (H)
HB1630
Creates the crime of using a mobile communication device while operating a moving motor vehicle if the driver is younger than 18 years of age
HB1630 -- (LR# 3891L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1631
Allows members of the State Highway Patrol to provide assistance to those conducting elections
HB1631 -- (LR# 4857L.01I)
ELECTIONS
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1639
Prohibits the Governor from using his or her emergency powers to confiscate firearms or revoke a permit to carry any firearm
HB1639 -- (LR# 4327L.01I)
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON GENERAL LAWS
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1649
Allows a full $6,000 retirement benefit deduction from state income for taxpayers over the age of 65 regardless of income
HB1649 -- (LR# 4520L.01I)
WAYS AND MEANS
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1676
Excludes sheltered workshop employment income as income when determining eligibility for permanent and total disability benefits
HB1676 -- (LR# 4432L.01I)
Referred: Senior Citizen Advocacy (H)
HB1681
Designates February 4 as "Rosa Parks Day"
HB1681 -- (LR# 4755L.01I)
Referred: Special Committee on General Laws (H)
HB1683
Modifies the requirements regarding lobbying and conflict of interest for public officials
HB1683 -- (LR# 4260L.01I)
Withdrawn (H)
HB1688
Excludes any sales tax imposed by Jackson County for the purpose of sports stadium improvement from the additional 50% economic activity tax revenue allocation for tax increment financing projects
Approved HB1688 -- (LR# 4934L.01T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1690
Prohibits registered sex offenders from running for or serving on a local school board
HB1690 -- (LR# 4417L.01I)
Referred: Elementary and Secondary Education (H)
HB1698
Changes the laws regarding sexual offenders
Approved CCS SS SCS HCS HB 1698, 1236, 995, 1362 & 1290 -- (LR# 4908L.17T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
THIS BILL BECOMES EFFECTIVE JUNE 5, 2006, EXCEPT
FOR SUBSECTIONS 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, AND 11 OF SECTION
589.400 WHICH HAVE AN AUGUST 28, 2006 EFFECTIVE
DATE

HB1704
Exempts individuals who are 65 years of age or older from the lawful presence requirements for the renewal of driver's licenses, permits, or nondriver's licenses
HB1704 -- (LR# 4969L.01I)
Laid over (H)
HCA 1 ADOPTED

HB1708
Creates the crime of failing to report suspicious photographs involving a child
HB1708 -- (LR# 4863L.01I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB1718
Limits public parking fees near professional sporting events in Jackson County for vehicles licensed in Missouri
HB1718 -- (LR# 5116L.01I)
Referred: Local Government (H)
HB1742
Establishes the eligibility requirements of an employed disabled person requesting medical assistance under the federal Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999
SS SCS HCS HB 1742 -- (LR# 5088S.08F)
Emergency Clause adopted (S)
HB1751
Revises the laws regarding concealable firearms
HCS HB 1751 -- (LR# 5123L.05C)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)
HB1752
Specifies that no business can prohibit the storage of firearms and other weapons in a locked employee-owned vehicle
HB1752 -- (LR# 4910L.01I)
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON GENERAL LAWS
Public hearing scheduled, Bill not heard (H)
HB1762
Exempts a person who presents proof of permanent disability from the United States Veterans Administration from the four-year certification requirement for renewal of disabled license plates
Approved SCS HCS HB 1762 -- (LR# 5105S.03T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1787
Establishes the Guard at Home Program to assist the spouse of an active-duty National Guard or reservist with immediate needs and employment to prevent the family from falling into poverty
Approved SCS HCS HB 1787 -- (LR# 5137S.07T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
WITH EMERGENCY CLAUSE, THIS BILL BECOMES EFFECTIVE
06/13/2006.

HB1793
Changes the eligibility criteria for adoption or foster care subsidies
HB1793 -- (LR# 5185L.02I)
Referred: Children and Families (H)
HB1796
Creates the felony crime of employing an illegal alien
HB1796 -- (LR# 3169L.01I)
Referred: Workforce Development and Workplace Safety (H)
HB1808
Changes the state homestead exemption limit to 2.5% in any year
HB1808 -- (LR# 5066L.01I)
SENIOR CITIZEN ADVOCACY
Voted do pass (H)
HB1814
Requires English to be the language of all official proceedings in the state
HCS HB 1814 -- (LR# 5125L.02P)
Second Rd/Refer: Pensions, Veteran Affairs & General Law(S)
HB1830
Defines "secondhand dealer," "secondhand goods," and "shop" and establishes provisions relating to the merchandising practices of secondhand dealers
HB1830 -- (LR# 4822L.02I)
CRIME PREVENTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1833
Designates the crayfish as the official state invertebrate
HB1833 -- (LR# 5275L.01P)
SEE COMMENTS
MOTION TO 3RD READ AND PASS WITHDRAWN

HB1835
Designates the third week in September as "Parent and Family Involvement in Education Week"
HB1835 -- (LR# 5138L.01I)
Referred: Elementary and Secondary Education (H)
HB1837
Changes the laws regarding medical malpractice insurance and the enforcement powers of the Department of Insurance and creates the Health Care Stabilization Fund Feasibility Board
Approved SS SCS HCS HB 1837 -- (LR# 5239S.09T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1862
Authorizes a $25 booking charge to provide law enforcement with software technology to manage jail and detention facilities
HB1862 -- (LR# 5054L.02I)
CRIME PREVENTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1870
Authorizes a tax credit for hiring disabled workers
HB1870 -- (LR# 5134L.01I)
JOB CREATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Voted do pass (H)
HB1895
Revises the crime of stealing any animal to include any animal considered livestock
HB1895 -- (LR# 5342L.01I)
AGRICULTURE POLICY
HCS voted do pass (H)
HB1905
Authorizes the Family Support Division to assist certain elderly individuals who qualify for the federal Food Stamp Program in obtaining supplemental food stamps
HB1905 -- (LR# 5254L.01P)
Placed on Informal Calendar (S)
HB1907
Designates a portion of Interstate 44 in St. Louis County as the "Trooper Ralph Tatoian Memorial Highway"
HB1907 -- (LR# 5221L.01I)
TRANSPORTATION
Public hearing completed (H)
HB1944
Changes the laws regarding the use of eminent domain
Approved CCS SS SCS HCS HB 1944 -- (LR# 4100S.24T)
Delivered to Secretary of State (G)
HB1976
Establishes the Missouri County Planning Act
HB1976 -- (LR# 5025L.01I)
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
HCS voted do pass (H)
HB1986
Changes the laws regarding the reporting requirements for lobbyists
HB1986 -- (LR# 5145L.02I)
Referred: Elections (H)
HB1987
Revises the crime of stealing any animal to include any animal considered livestock
HB1987 -- (LR# 5444L.01I)
Referred: Agriculture Policy (H)
HB1995
Establishes the Missouri Energy Security Act which requires all motor fuel sold in Missouri for use in motor vehicles equipped to operate on gasoline to be a gasoline ethanol blend by January 1, 2010
HB1995 -- (LR# 5578L.01I)
Referred: Agriculture Policy (H)
HB2018
Requires crime victims to be paid up to $250 from the Crime Victims' Compensation Fund to replace certain items seized by law enforcement as evidence of a crime
HB2018 -- (LR# 5572L.02I)
Referred: Crime Prevention and Public Safety (H)
HB2027
Prohibits a municipality from requiring an owner of a premises to pay delinquent utility bills for his or her occupants
HB2027 -- (LR# 5596L.01I)
Referred: Local Government (H)
HB2038
Establishes the Missouri Senior Cadets Program
HB2038 -- (LR# 5495L.02I)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)
HCR13
Resolves that voluntary prayer in public schools, religious displays on public property, and the recognition of a Christian God are not a coalition of church and state.
HCR13 -- (LR# 4572L.02I)
Dropped from calendar - Rule 43 (H)
HCR23
Requests a review of the special needs student assessment provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act to better serve the special needs student population.
HCR23 -- (LR# 5001L.04I)
Referred: Rules (S)
HJR35
Proposes a constitutional amendment exempting veterans' organizations from property tax
HJR35 -- (LR# 3140L.01I)
WAYS AND MEANS
Voted do pass (H)
HJR36
Proposes a constitutional amendment exempting from taxation the personal property of active duty military residents
HCS HJR 36 -- (LR# 3473L.03P)
SENATE WAYS AND MEANS
Public Hearing scheduled (S)
SENATE COMMITTEE ROOM 1, 3-30-06, 8:30AM

HJR43
Proposes a constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds majority for voter approval of initiative proposals relating to harvesting bird, game, wildlife, and forestry resources
HJR43 -- (LR# 4269L.01P)
SENATE AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION, PARKS AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Executive Session held (S)
VOTED DO PASS

HJR48
Proposes a constitutional amendment establishing limits on total state general revenue appropriations
HCS HJR 48 -- (LR# 3225L.04C)
Rules - Reported do pass (H)

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Last Updated November 29, 2006 at 9:48 am